Social Justice and Neighborhood / Community Mapping - 2200 Words

Social Justice and Neighborhood / Community Mapping (Research Paper Sample) Content: Student NameProfessor NameCourseDateWomen in PoliticsIf you pay attention to the American politicians in Washington D.C., you will find out that most of the influential people are males. As for females who are active in D.C. politics, most of them are wives of those powerful men. They are present at international meetings, fashion balls or public social activities for companying their husband. They are dressed as beautiful as flowers; simultaneously, they are served as decorative flowers for the formal public occasion. Typically, they just quietly stand behind their husbands who are influential in shaping U.S. society policy, and continuously keep a smile. Why does this phenomenon happen? Because women can hardly take a space in a government office. More accurate, the public would not readily accept a female governor. The public becomes much more strict and harsh when they examine if a woman is qualified to access power. Take a look at human progress history; women ha d been kept silence for thousands of years in policy formulation, lawmaking, and social resource distribution. My research is to state that women should be considered as same as men by the public for leadership. Because women do have the excellent ability just like men. Also, egalitarianism can efficiently reduce social contradictions, like feminism and racism.In this project, I hope to find out, firstly, the important reasons why American women have a lot of pressure to be leadership. Second, what did those successful women go through, and how did they get over it. Third, what does those experience teach us? Fourth, how the harsh public judgment effect on women's spirit and lifeThe concept of male dominance in the leadership positions has been a key characteristic of many political setups across the world. Many countries in the past and contemporary still have a male dominated leadership and political platforms. In the past, many scholars and researcher spent most of their resource and time documenting the underrepresentation of female in leadership positions. Most notable examples of such individuals are Hills and Lovenduski (1981), Duverger (1955), and Coser (1981). In the last three decades, the research about this particular issue has accelerated significantly (Nielsen, (Kristina and Rikke, 2016). The key reason for the growing popularity has been the increase in divergent views about the politics. Also, the society has evolved considerably thus eliminating the traditional perception of the role of women in the community. Most notably in many different nations across the world, the community has welcomed the participation of women in politics (Young, 2015). Countries such as Argentina, Rwanda, and Sweden are the best examples that underpin the new trend. However, in other nations, male gender is still expressing dominance in the major government and management positions. Examples of such areas are the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Micronesia, Kyrgyz stan, and St. Kitts. These countries are characterized by male dominance in a political setting. On average, in 2008, only 19.2 percent of leaders in the National Legislatures across the world were women. The 2008 women leadership data by the United Nations also underpins the argument. The table below represents a sample of the information about women and political involvement.Table 1: Women in National Legislature (2008)Country Percentage of women Rwanda 56.4 Andorra 53.5 Sweden 45.1 Cuba 44.4 South Africa 44.3 Finland 42.1 Mozambique 39.1 Costa Rica 38.5 Denmark 38.4 Argentina 38.1 Spain 36.5 Tanzania 36.1 New Zealand 33.3 The United States 16.8 Source: Researcher computation from (Weatherford, 2012)During the same period, the political setting and governance in the United States also illustrate the argument of this research. The statistics indicated that male were still a dominant figure in the legislation of the country. In 2008, the percentage of women in the political offices and leadership in America can be summarized in the table below.Office Women (in percentage) State legislators 23.5 State Governors 12.1 The U.S. Senators 17.1 Mayors of the 100 Big Cities 8.1 House of Representatives 16.7 Statewide Elected Officials 22.3 Source: Kerber (2016)The above illustration concurs with the general argument in this article. In the U.S. there is under-representation of women. The implication of this is the raised concerns about the fundamental and legitimacy issues that impact the political representation. The recently concluded presidential election has also led to a similar pattern of female involvement in politics. According to Women and Politics Institute (2017), the women population was estimated to be around 50.7 percent of the total in the U.S. In yet another interesting fact; women have over 53% of professional-level careers in the job market. Despite this high number, they are still miles behind about leadership and political participation in the stat e and the federal government. The current statistics indicates that end of 2016, 24.3 percent of state legislature seats were female. They also had 18.5% in congressional seats, 10 percent in the governorship, and 20% in the U.S. Senate (Kerber, 2016).The low number of women participation in politics can be attributed to some reasons. The causes can apply to the situation in the U.S. and the general world population. Examples of possible causes include the persistent sex discrimination, stereotypes and biasness towards women, choices, and lack of active mentors and networks. The negative public judgment and criticism of women is a good example of prejudice. The level of biasness may often be illegal and subtle. In the U.S. the incident in mostly witnessed in most offices and workplaces. Looking at the job vacancies posts and adverts, it is often a common thing for one to see a corporation that has explicitly stated their preference for the male employees. In another profession, like a receptionist career, the obvious candidate that will be preferred will be a female. The trend doesn't stop here; it continues even to management and leadership positions. The implication of this is the creation of hostility towards a person of a different gender. In 2015, over 30,000 cases were reported. They involved members filing for a complaint of favoritism to another in the central positions in the society. The number indicates how stereotypic behavior is a fundamental cause affecting female participation in the most sectors of the American economy.In the political realms, the presences of stereotypic thoughts against women have often been highlighted by the media. The challenge has most specifically affected many successful female leaders. A notable example of this particular argument is the stereotypic messages sent to Hillary Clinton when she was vying for the party nomination and the presidential position. In an article by the Economist, Rush Limbaugh who is a radio p resenter noted that there were refinements towards Hillary. According to him, many media houses focused on discussing the hair, cleavage, and clothes rather than highlighting the key issues that Hillarys campaign was going to address. The social media platform was the most used area where such prejudiced debates and negative views were highlighted. Women leaders are often seen as weak people who are not in a position to oversee development. They are also stereotyped as lesbians. Since the early 1900s, people have often debated the sexual orientation of Hillary Clinton. Individuals have also derogatorily termed her as a lesbian. Many studies especially one by Falk (2010), indicated that the general perception of the public and media biasness on female candidates played a significant role in influencing their contribution in the political arena (Wilcox, 2012). The opinion is seen as a key element that has changed the elective race in most senatorial and gubernatorial races.Womens choi ces and caregiving are also key elements that pose a challenge to their participation in politics and leadership practices. The balancing of family and work responsibilities poses an obstacle to many female individuals. It is tough for people to participate in campaigns and social welfare engagements while they still have the responsibility to look after the young children at home. Such domestic responsibilities have often made women decide to participate in more part-time career opportunities. According to the indication by the bureau of statistics, in the U.S. women participation in work-related activities is often limited as compared to the male counterparts (Harrison, 2015). The key reason for this development is that they often take time off due to other commitments such as family and social. By so doing, it becomes difficult to participate in political settings which are often time consuming to engagements and campaigns. The requirements of great responsibility, resources, an d time consuming often discourage most women and influences their choice not to join the profession.In the United States, female individuals are often aspiring to join politics often face the challenge of lacking enough and effective mentors and networks. Networking in government is an important tool that helps a person to get the necessary support in selling their ideas to the general public. Networking also helps politicians to move up the leadership hierarchy. Many scholars and political analysts have indicated that networking is a crucial source that politicians use to raise campaign funding. They al...

Essay Topics For Texting and Driving

<h1>Essay Writing - How to Start Writing Your New School Essay</h1><p>There are a ton of contemplations that go into composing a proposition, and in this article we'll talk about a portion of the components to consider before really composing the paper. Composing a postulation is a significant endeavor, thus numerous understudies think that its troublesome from the outset, yet with a little practice they figure out how to compose their proposal with certainty. On the off chance that you are experiencing difficulty composing your proposition, here are a few hints to assist you with jumping on the privilege track.</p><p></p><p>The first thing you'll have to do is make a working title for your theory. This should be possible regarding a book or reading material blueprint, for instance. On the off chance that this isn't the situation, at that point you should make a work in progress of your proposition title. Additionally, you should attempt to p ick a reasonable title for your theory utilizing a term like homeopathy, which signifies 'dissolving something', in English. Homeopathy can possibly bring a novel point into the investigation of science and pharmacology.</p><p></p><p>While you're taking a shot at your proposition you ought to likewise be making foundation materials and insights concerning your examination. This will permit you to develop a structure that the peruser can follow when they inevitably begin perusing your proposition. At the point when you start taking a shot at your theory, you should likewise set up a layout, a figure of substance, and start writing.</p><p></p><p>You'll need to incorporate your significant research questions and significant research addresses that you would like to reply in your proposition. More often than not when you begin taking a shot at your proposal you ought to ask yourself a progression of inquiries about what you hope to pick up from your research.</p><p></p><p>Your last advance recorded as a hard copy your postulation ought to be to guarantee that it is finished and effectively designed. Check to ensure that you've finished all the areas required by your guide. Truth be told, guarantee that you have completely arranged your proposition by taking an assessment of your postulation. At the point when you do your postulation in your last draft, you will know whether there are any blunders in your theory. There is one more advance that you should take before you begin composing your theory - you should give your classes the task that you might want them to peruse on their next class task. The explanation behind this is numerous understudies can be quick to peruse your proposition all alone - along these lines, give them the task that you trust they will peruse. This is a significant part of composing a proposal, since it will guarantee that you will look extraordinary in the event that they give you an evaluation on your thesis.</p><p></p><p>Thesis composing is a significant piece of your instruction and requires both aptitude and imagination. In any case, on the off chance that you realize where to begin and what to do, at that point you will see a distinction in your grades.</p>

Customer Purchase Attitude Research Proposal - 4950 Words

Customer Purchase Attitude (Research Proposal Sample) Content: ProposalChinese consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ purchase attitude towards online shopping of luxury productsAbstractThe great development of Chinese economy enables Chinese people to afford luxury products, and as a result luxury products in China have expanded in a high rate (Kapferer, 2012). Moreover, online shopping of luxuries has increasingly become a trend in the Chinese market. For example, statistics presented by China Market Information Centre (CCID) (2012) show that in 2012 the population of purchasing online has surpassed 194 million and the volume of annual online retail has reached to 123.72 billion dollars. This is because online shopping provides consumers an opportunity of getting luxury products in China at a lower price.Zhenpin.com is the largest website for online shipping of luxury products in the Chinese market. As a result, this research takes Zhenpin.com as a case to explore Chinese consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ purchase attitude towards online shopping of luxury p roducts. As a result, this research will pose following research questions: 1 What is the current market of online purchase of luxury products? 2 What are the drivers behind customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ purchase of luxury products through online shopping?Specifically, this research will analyse how consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ perceived risks, perceived quality, shopping website design and consumer characteristics can affect customers purchase attitudes towards luxury products through online purchasing.To better answer these questions, this research will utilise both quantitative and qualitative methods. Further, this research adopts the research strategy of ethnography. On this condition, both questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interview are conducted to collect data from online customers of Zhenpin.com. Data collected from the study will be analysed by adopting descriptive statistical analysis. Besides, this research will be feasible in the aspects of time, fund, and universal scope. Final ly, a timeline will be listed to reasonably arrange the dissertation.Key words: Consumer behaviour, Purchase intention, online buying behaviour, Customer attitude, luxury products online1.0 Introduction1.1 BackgroundsWith the great development of Chinese economy and the increased income of Chinese people, Luxury products in China have expanded in a high rate (Kapferer, 2012). A series of statistics from the World Luxury Association has demonstrated that Chinese consumption of luxuries, like perfume, handbag, clothing and jewelry products has ranked at the second largest place in the world, as it reached to 8.6 billion dollars by the end of 2008 and will make up 32% of market share of the global luxuries by 2015 (Zhang Kim, 2012). In the meanwhile, online shopping has increasingly become a trend in the Chinese market. For example, statistics presented by China Daily (2012) show that in 2012 the population of purchasing online has surpassed 194 million and the volume of annual online retail has reached to 123.72 billion dollars. Moreover, Lee, Phau Roy (2012) have pointed out that online shopping provides consumers an opportunity of getting luxury products in China at a lower price. Results can be demonstrated by the evidence in the southeast China where most rich consumers live. Many people with high income have limited time to buy luxuries in real stores, and are inclined to purchase online (Gao, Norton and Zhang, 2009). Meanwhile, caused by the limited stores of luxuries in China, it is possible for luxury brands to promote marketing online with effective methods.However, the question whether consumers who shop online utilize well internet buying for luxury products in the Chinese market arises. Factors affecting consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ purchase intention to luxuries purchased online are also focused on so as to better find out methods of increasing purchase behaviours. On this condition, this research takes Chinese consumer purchasing attitudes to luxury prod ucts online as the research object to analyse influential factors. This research object proposed by the research is significant. This is because currently studies of luxury products mainly focus on luxury branding, motives of consumption and consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ attitudes through implementing qualitative analysis, while lack of systematic quantitative research, which as a result contribute to the insufficiency in guiding business practice (Sivakumar, 2012). Besides, Ngai and Cho (2012) pointed out that current researches also focus on summarizing market situations of luxury products and brand cultures, and little attentions are given to online marketing of luxury products. All these make this research unique, as it helps to fill this research gap and makes the research of innovative theoretical significance.1.2 Research aims and objectivesBased on the above introductions of backgrounds, this research mainly aims to explore Chinese consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ purchase attitude towards onlin e shopping of luxury products. According to Doolin et al. (2005), consumer perceived service quality and risks play important roles in determining consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ purchase intention towards online purchase of luxury goods. Also, there are also some other factors that affecting consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ attitudes. As a result, to better realise the research aims, this research further proposes the following objectives: 1 To explore the current attitudes of Chinese consumers toward online shopping of luxury products 2 To analyze factors affecting Chinese consumers purchase attitude to online shopping of luxury products 3 To propose suggestions to help online luxury product retailers to form consumers positive attitude1.3. Definition of termsCustomer perception: According to Blackwell, Miniard and Engel (2006) perception occur when sensory receptors receive motivations through the brain, code and group them and provide specific meanings to them according to an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s fr ame of reference.Service quality: According to Parasuraman et al., (2005) service quality is a contrast between what consumers feel should be provided against what is offered.Customer attitude: Customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ attitude is a directly impacted element that influences the buying nature of consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. According to Fishbein and Ajzen (1985) attitude towards behaviour is a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s assessment of a specific behaviour with reference to an outcome or object.2.0 Literature Review2.1 Online purchase of luxury goodsThere often have no identifiable definitions of luxury goods as it is subjective and changeable. Dubois et al. (2007) summarised the characteristics of luxury goods, including outstanding quality, expensive price, scarcity, uniqueness, aesthetic and sensory stimulus, continuity, personal history and non-necessity feature. However, continuity and historical features are not considered as fully applicable to experiential luxury goods, such as Burj Al-Arab Hotel in Dubai, universally recognised for its luxury status but only have a history of 13 years. Moreover, it possible for luxury brands to develop online marketing strategies. Peterson et al. (1997) deemed that luxury companies should take online marketing as an effective way to deliver its luxury products to the market and the interactive attribute of internet could perfectly serve as the right channel.2.3 Consumer attitude towards online purchase of luxury goodsAccording to Grewal, Iyer and Levy (2004), consumer attitude refers to the emotional response of consumers towards objects, attributes or interests, or to put it in other words, it is the consistent reflective intention of consumers towards certain commodity, brand, or company, based on previous knowledge and experiences. Generally, the main theoretical perceptions used in the study are the Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), usually implemented as two basic research frameworks to measu re consumer attitudes (Sandra and Bo, 2003). Although they have differences, it is identifiable that both models can be mutually proved and mutually complemented under different research conditions. Researchers can combine both models when measuring the consumer attitude towards online purchase of luxury goods. In response to the appeal of Sandra and Bo (2003), this study implements an integrated theoretical structure that integrates Innovation Diffusion Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model. Through concurrently taking attitude and motivations into consideration, it will be termed as the attitude-motivation strategy.2.4 Factors that influence consumer attitude towards luxury goods online purchase.Firstly, Doolin et al. (2005) pointed out that perceived risks of online shopping plays a major role in hindering online consumers from making consumption decisions. Specifically, consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ perceived risks of differences from their expectations and risks of using credit car d can exert negative effects on consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ intentions toward online shopping (Tsai, 2005). Moreover, perceived quality of purchasing luxuries online is also an important factor affecting consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ attitudes (Edward and Sahadev, 2011), as perceived quality is the consumer perception of whether a brand is able to effectively fulfill its function (Hossain and Islam, 2012). Then, given the evidence of technical perspectives, shopping website design can directly affect consumer attitude and explain as well as predict consumer purchasing attitudes (Hausman and Siekpe, 2009). Besides, there also has a certain relationship between consumer characteristics and their attitudes towards purchasing online luxuries (Lian and Lin, 2008). Specifically, Ratchford, Talukdar and Lee (2011) summarised that consumer characteristics that influence consumer online shopping behaviours inclu...

Is It Okay to Use Maps in a College Essay

Is It Okay to Use Maps in a College Essay?Using hap jokes in a college essay is fine. In fact, using these types of jokes can be a good way to make your college essay stand out from the rest. The trick is to make sure you don't use too many hap jokes and if you do, make sure they are appropriate and don't rely on humor that doesn't relate to your college subject matter.You want to make sure that you are using your jokes responsibly. First of all, if you don't know what the person who wrote the college essay thinks, your jokes will not be accepted. It is not worth getting in trouble just because you tried something funny.Second, if you make your jokes too obvious in relation to your college essays, then they won't be taken as well. For example, if you don't think your joke works well with your college essays because you're writing about men, then try and change it to a better one. A great example of this is when you used a mild potty mouth. Now, you can try a more funny joke that rela tes to the topic instead of messing up your entire college essay by saying it as a joke.While you are writing your college essays, remember that you should include more than just the normal or well-known jokes. Many times, jokes that can be funny at a bar will not work as well when writing in a college essay.This is especially true if you use the same jokes over again. There are jokes that are very simple but very good. But the same jokes in college essays can seem over-written and they will never be used.In order to avoid this from happening, you have to write more and be original with your jokes. Don't copy and paste jokes. If you only know how to use one type of joke in your college essays, then make sure you use different jokes so that you can fit them all in your college essay.Remember that if you're using has jokes in your college essays, you have to be careful about the format and grammar. Your jokes shouldn't be in big blocks of text that will disrupt the flow of your colleg e essay. For example, if you use a hap joke about gerbils, you have to make sure that your college essay doesn't end with a question like 'is it okay to use ham jokes in a college essay?'So, you can use hap jokes in your college essays. Just make sure that they are written carefully and you make sure they're funny and relate to your topic.