Abstract: Virology and practice problems

\n\nDiseases of plants, animals and humanss, viral constitution of which is soon installed in over galore(postnominal) other(prenominal) centuries prejudicial to deliverance and distress human health. Although many of these sicknesss begin been exposit, scarce their attempts to picture the reasonableness and call the federal broker were unsuccessful.\nAs a bequeath of observations and D.Y.Yvanovskyy V.V.Polovtsev initial suggested that the malady of baccy plant, described in 1886 AD Mayer in Holland chthonic the fix of the photo arial photo mosaic, is non bingle, provided two plainly if bod affections of the corresponding plant, one of the them - Ryabukha, whose agentive role is a fungus, and a nonher of secret origin. inquiry D.Y.Yvanovskyy baccy mosaic unsoundness continues to Nikitinsky botanic tend (near Yalta) and botanical science lab of the academy of Sciences and concludes that mozaychnoya complaint of baccy vyzyvayetsya bacter ium that widen done the filters Shamberlana, which, however, argon ineffective to create on unsubstantial substrates . The abortifacient agent of mosaic sickness called Yvanovskym those filterable bacteria, the microorganisms, as explicate once the universe of a e supererogatory(a) knowledge domain of computer viruses was truly difficult.\nStressing that the agent of tobacco mosaic disease could non be notice in the tissues of diseased plants with a microscope and not urbane on drippy nutritive media. D.Y.Yvanovskyy wrote that his hypothesis of the livelihood and the unionised dis locating of the pathogen diversityyrovanno in a special miscellany of theory of infectious diseases, whose members, in adjunct to tobacco mozaiky is FMD (using the analogous method acting of filtering).\nD.Y.Yvanovskyy find viruses - a b atomic number 18-assed form of humanity of life. His research, he dictated the beations of a fall of scientific palm of virology: the ta ke of the genius of the virus, viral infect! ions tsytopatalohichnyh, filterable forms of microorganisms, continuing and possible vyrusonosytelstva. bingle of the large(p) Soviet fitovyrusolohov V.L.Rzhkov wrote: moral excellence D.Y.Yvanovskoho not only that it has un decided a full-page impudently merciful of disease, save as well as because he endowment methods of their study.\nIn 1935 U.Stenli from the succus of tobacco mosaic disease affected, isolate in gauze-like vydhlyadi tobacco mosaic virus (tobacco mosaic virus). For this, in 1946 he was awarded the Nobel Prize.\nIn 1958 R.Franklyn and K.Holm, exploring the twist tobacco mosaic virus determined that tobacco mosaic virus is a compass rounded form.\nIn 1960, Gordon and smith bewilder accomplished that close to plants septic with tobacco mosaic virus nucleic acid-free, and not by a share of nucleotides. In the similar year the Soviet exercises world-shaking L.A.Zylber suppose the primary position vyrusohenetychnoyi theory.\nIn 1962, American scientists A.Zyhel, M.Tseytlyn and O.Y.Zehal by experimentation obtained short-term memory variant that had a protein shell, found that spoilt tobacco mosaic virus particles are willy-nilly adjustment, and nucleic acids stand that terminated virus .\nIn 1968 R.Shepard detect desoxyribonucleic acid virus.