Reality of Unification Theory

realness of Unification TheoryIntroductionUnification means determination the similarities, finding the limiting material ceaselesss, finding the severalize casts, coupling the key physical everlastings, coupling the key physical inventions, coupling the key physical properties, minimizing the number of dimensions, minimizing the number of inputs. This is a very lengthy process. In all(a) these cases observations, interpretations, experiments and desire play a key exercise. The important difficulty is with interpretations and observations. At beneathlying level catching the observe new coincidences and confirming the observed coincidences search to be a very tough job. Constructing turnout a posteriori dealings among the physical constants of respective(a) interdisciplinary branches of physics with all possible interpretations whitethorn help in resolving the issues. Which way/method is the best get out be decided by future experiments, observations and interpr etations. As it is interconnected with all branches of physics, semi empirical approach seems be the easiest and shortcut way. It sharpens and guides human persuasion ability in redeing the reality of conjunction. For each theoretical concept or mathematical model or semi empirical congenator, workability is to a greater extent important than its inner beauty and workability is the base of any semi empirical approach.In this paper by introducing the incorporated view unit the authors make an campaign to play off and understand the origin of the nu suck commit spoke, the Plancks constant and the severe coupling constant in a unified approach that connects gravity and strong interaction via the electrocharismatic and gravitational personnel department ratio of proton and electron. Finally by considering the proton rest talent and the nuclear shoot down radius the authors do an attempt to fit the semi empirical people formula heartiness coefficients in a very simple wa y.To fit the nuclear charge radius, the Plancks constant and the strong coupling constantIt is well known that e, c and G play a lively role in fundamental physics. With these 3 constants space-time curvature concepts at a charged particle surface undersurface be studied. equal to the Planck grass an interesting unified tummy unit potful be constructed in the following way. (1) check that plays a crucial role in microscopic physics as well cosmology. It is having a long history. It was primary introduced by the physicist George Johnstone Stoney 1. He is well-nigh famous for introducing the term electronas the fundamental unit quantity of electricity. With this messiness unit in unification program with a suitable proportionality it may be possible to represent the characteristic bulk of any elementary charge. It send away be considered as the plant of galactic matter or galactic central abusive hole. It potentiometer also be considered as the seed of any cosmic com plex body part. If 2 such oppositely charged particles annihilates, a large amount of readiness domiciliate be released. It is well put on that free space is a reservoir for pair particles creation. If so under certain extreme conditions at the vicinity of big bucksive stars or black holes, a very high energy radiation can be seen to be emitted by the virtue of pair annihilation of . Note that the base concept of unification is to understand the origin of mess hall of any particle. push-down stack is the basic quality in gravitation and charge is the basic property in nuclearity. So far no model established a cohesive relation in between electric charge and mass of any elementary particle. From astrophysics point of view the fundamental questions to be answered are 1) Without charge, is there any independent existence to mass of any star? 2) Is black hole a neutral body or electrically a neutralized body? To understand these questions the authors made an attempt to constru ct the in a higher place unified mass unit.The subject of final unification is having a long history. After the nucleus was discovered in 1908, it was clear that a new gouge was needed to overcome the electrostatic detestation of the positively chargedprotons. Otherwise the nucleus could not exist. Moreover, the force had to be strong enough to squeeze the protons into a mess of size 1015 meter. In general the wordstrongis used since the strong interaction is the strongest of the four fundamental forces. Its observed strength is around 102 quantify that of theelectromagnetic force, some 105times as great as that of theweak force, and somewhat 10 39 times that ofgravitation. The aim of unification is to understand the relation that connects gravity, mass, charge and the microscopic space-time curvature. some(prenominal) scientists addressed this problem in different ways 2-4. The authors also made many attempts in their previously published papers 5-11. Experimentally observed nuclear charge radius 12-15 can be fitted with the following singular and simple unified relation. (2)Here can be considered as the Schwarzschild radius 16,17 of the proposed new mass unit . (3)Whether the expression playing a key unified role or only a fitting role to be confirmed. With a great accuracy the famous Plancks constant can be fitted with the following relation. (4)Recommended value of and the error is 0.189%. From relations (1) and (2) above relation can be simplified into the following simple form. (5) analyze this with the standard definition, (6)where is the fine structure ratio. permit (7)Proceeding further qualitatively and quantitatively currently believed strong coupling constant 18 can be fitted with the following relation. (8)Its recommended value is 0.11847 and uncertainty is ppb. Now the characteristic nuclear force can be evince as follows. (9)Note that can be considered as the limiting magnitude of any kind of force. Similarly can be considered a s the limiting magnitude of any kind of violence 1,20,21.To fit and co-relate the semi empirical mass formula energy coefficientsIn nuclear physics, the semi-empirical mass formula is used to approximate the mass and various other properties of an atomic nucleus. As the name suggests, it is based partly on theory and partly on empirical measurements 23-24. The theory is based on the liquid drop model proposed by George Gamow, which can account for most of the terms in the formula and gives rough estimates for the values of the coefficients. It was offshoot hypothesize in 1935 by German physicist Carl Friedrich von Weizsacker, and although refinements have been made to the coefficients over the years, the structure of the formula remains the same today. In the following formulae, let be the total number of nucleons, Z the number of protons, and the number of neutrons. The mass of an atomic nucleus is given by (10)where and are the rest mass of a proton and a neutron, respectivel y, and is the binding energy of the nucleus. The semi-empirical mass formula states that the binding energy will take the following form. (11)Its modern representation is (12)Here = volume energy coefficient, is the surface energy coefficient, is the coulomb energy coefficient, is the asymmetry energy coefficient and is the pairing energy coefficient. By maximizing with respect to , one can find the number of protons of the enduring nucleus of atomic weight as, (13)This is rough for light nuclei, but for heavy nuclei there is an even better conformity with nature. Now with the following two energy units semi empirical mass formula energy coefficients can be fitted in the following way.Let (14)where, (15)The coulombic energy coefficient can be expressed as (16)The asymmetry energy coefficient can be expressed as (17)The pairing energy coefficient can be expressed as (18)The surface energy coefficient can be expressed as (19)The volume energy coefficient can be expressed as (20)Thus (21)For light and heavy atoms (including super heavy changeless isotopes), proton-nucleon stability relation can be expressed with the following semi empirical relation. Clearly speaking by considering its corresponding stable mass number can be estimated directly. (22)where can be considered as the stable mass number of (23)Please see table-1 for fitting the proton number and its corresponding stable mass number.Table-1 To fit the stable mass numbers of S.No12144.822963.333782.6447107.9.553123.9660142.8769168.0879197.3983209.41092237.311 coulomb263.012112303.013118323.7See table-2 for the comparison of the semi empirical mass formula energy coefficients.See table-3 for the calculated semi empirical mass formula nuclear binding energy.Table-2 living and proposed SEMF binding energy coefficientsExisting energy coefficientsProposed energy coefficientsTable-3 To fit the SEMF binding energy with the proposed energy coefficientsin MeVin MeV2656490.9492.2542862544.8545.2593 484725.3727.341501181005.61004.950601421184.31185.145791971562.91559.40822081634.81636.44922381818.91801.693Discussion and conclusionsThe main object of unification is to understand the origin of elementary particles rest mass, magnetic moments and their forces. Right now and till today string theory with 4 + 6 extra dimensions not in a position to pardon the unification of gravitational and non-gravitational forces. More clearly speaking it is not in a position to bring down the Planck scale to the nuclear size. Note thatgeneral relativitydoes not throw any light on the mass generation of charged particles. It only suggests that space-time is curved well(p) the massive celestial objects. More over it couples the cosmic (dust) matter with geometry. scarce how matter/dust is created? Why and how elementary particle possessesboth charge and mass? Such types of questions are not being discussed in the material body work of general relativity. The first step in unification is to und erstand the origin of therest massof a charged elementary particle. due south step is to understand the combined effects of its electromagnetic (or charged) and gravitational interactions. terzetto step is to understand its behavior with surroundings when it is created. Fourth step is to understand its behavior with cosmic space-time or other particles. Right from its feature to death, in all these steps the underlying fact is that whether it is a powerfully interacting particle or weakly interacting particle, it is having some rest mass. To understand the first two steps somehow one can implement the gravitational constant in sub atomic physics. In this regard can be considered as the natures given unified mass unit. To bring down thePlanck massscale to the observed elementary particles mass scale certainly a large scale factor is required. In this regard, the electromagnetic and gravitational force ratio of proton and electron can be considered as the natures given universal s cale factor. opinion positively the proposed relations for fitting the nuclear charge radius, the Plancks constant and strong the coupling constant can be considered for further depth psychology positively.