Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Language Systems

anthropological Approaches* to *The* Study of Language S*ystems Language The arbitrary vocal symbols kind beings use to encode and communicate about their experience of the world and of single an opposite. linguistics the scientific body of work of wrangleLinguistic anthropologists study how row is formed and how it works, the history and development of phrase and the relationships between linguistic process and other aspects of culture Throughout time a change in talking to through modern technology All human beings have lyric it varies in terms of its nature and on the whole speech communication is equally civilise and complex All human beings have the capacity to learn language Children who argon isolate and not socialized till the age of 6 cannot learn language (feral children) Communicative competence Linguistic AnthropologyFocuses on the chemical mechanism of language, including Phonology (phonetics) the general study of the sounds used in speech by means of an in ternationally recognized system of symbols to represent the various phonetic sounds of speech. Syntax the study of the manner in which minimum units of meaning (morphemes) are put together into phrases or sentences. Or, what English speakers call grammar. Historical Linguistics Studies the relationships of languages to one another and reconstructs how languages change over time. Includes an synopsis of how the phonology of language changes over time (dialects, pidgins, creoles, and new languages).Includes an examinations of potential universals in linguistic principles of mixture (are there universal classifications for colours? ) 12 different languages before European contact, why is that important? Because that means that there were people living in the North America for a very long time. It was so diverse Specialized field that studies the relationship between language and culture. SapirWhorf Hypothesis all human experience is to some extent, mediated through culture and langu age. Objects or forces n the physical environment become labelled in language only if they have cultural significance, and language systems themselves (vocabulary and sentence structure_ influence speakers perceptions of the world. How do Anthropologists study language? textlist-item textlist-item Proxemics the study of the use of space in dialogue. Ex. Talking too close for comfort. Handshaking etiquette. Discourse Analysisthe analysis of a stretch of speech or other form of communication longer than a sentence and united by a putting surface theme. Often concerned with relations of power and inequality in language use and knowledge production.Ex. Global warming, refusing to use the word in communications. The personal manner the language gets used in power relationships is important. Unique Design Features of benignant Language *Openn*ess the creative capacity of human language Displacement the expertness to talk about absent, abstract or nonexistent objects of subjects Arbi trariness no universal link between particular linguistic sounds (sings) and particular linguistic meanings (signified). Duality of Patterning arrangement of sounds(phonemes) is not random, but systematically patterned to make out meaning bearing unites (morphemes).Prevarication the ability for linguistic messages to be off or to violate convention. Lies, animals are not able to lie. Forms of Communicative competency Linguistic Competence human ability to learn correct assemblages of phonemes, morphemes and syntax (or grammar) Communicative Competence human beings ability to learn culturally set aside speech patterns. Much of communicative competence involves learning inter-textual codes. The concept of inter-textuality essentially states that meaning depends on our knowledge of linguistic and symbolic codes.